微流量测量方法及其技术的发展

归纳了近五年来基于MEMS技术的微流量传感器结构及性能参数。根据国际上热门的研究方法推断微流量测量技术可能的发展方向与研究趋势,即集成两种或两种以上的测量方法,实现优势互补,提高测量精度或扩大量程比。最后基于现有的技术基础,提出了融合科氏效应与差压效应的微流量测量方法,阐述了传感器的工作原理与理论基础,并对其可行性进行了分析与论证。     

三浮陀螺伺服测试误差系数估计方法

为了更好地解决工程实际中三浮陀螺极轴伺服测试时误差系数估计问题,采用了Kalman滤波和递推最小二乘的方法.试验结果证明,Kalman滤波方法能够有效地估计出极轴伺服测试时的陀螺误差系数.用统计检验的方法分析了该模型以及各系数的显著性,结果显示对Dvz和Dzz的估计是显著的.     

大量程MEMS陀螺仪在高速旋转导弹上的应用

弹旋频率是影响旋转导弹制导精度的主要因素之一.本文提出了一种弹旋频率测量用大量程MEMS陀螺仪技术方案,开展了大量程MEMS陀螺仪在旋转导弹上的应用研究,解决了大量程MEMS陀螺仪在偏心安装、较大力学环境下提高测量精度等问题,通过了飞行试验验证,实现了旋转导弹弹旋频率的精确测量.     

泵浦激光频率波动对核磁共振陀螺仪 零偏稳定性的影响研究

本文研究了泵浦激光频率波动对核磁共振陀螺仪零偏稳定性的影响.通过分析核磁共振陀螺仪理论模型和自旋光泵浦极化129Xe的过程,阐述泵浦激光频率波动对陀螺仪零偏稳定性的影响机理.结果表明,泵浦光频率波动会导致核磁共振陀螺仪零偏稳定性下降约3个数量级.泵浦光频率波动是制约核磁共振陀螺仪性能提升的重要因素.     

基于PSO算法的半球谐振陀螺惯导系统陀螺温度补偿方法

针对半球谐振陀螺受温度影响出现零位漂移的问题，以测温电路温度为基准，建立温度频率函数实时解算温度，提出一种基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的半球谐振陀螺惯导系统陀螺温度补偿方法。在求解温度时，需要先将温度频率函数转换为一元三次方程，存在测试计算量大的问题。引入逆向拟合思想，建立频率温度函数，提高陀螺输出温度实时性和降低测试计算量，替代了传统陀螺测温硬件电路，为惯导系统轻小型设计提供新思路。考虑温度变化、温度变化率以及两者的交叉项，建立温度补偿模型，引入PSO算法求解模型系数。温度试验结果表明，在温箱温度为-40~50 ℃内，补偿后的半球谐振陀螺的零偏稳定性较补偿前提升了46％。     

Singularity analysis for single gimbal control moment gyroscope system using space expansion method

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability. The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis. Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.     

一种实现陀螺马达准确制动方案的研究

在分析了几种传统的电机制动方案基础上,提出了一种适合陀螺马达的能耗制动方案,该方案依据马达逐渐停转时自身产生的微弱电信号,再经放大处理后作为能耗制动的控制信号,实现陀螺马达准确、可靠、平稳的停止,避免了不及时切断电源而烧坏定子绕组的情况.     

Inflatable shape changing colonies assembling versatile smart space structures

Various plants have the ability to follow the sun with their flowers or leaves during the course of a day via a mechanism known as heliotropism. This mechanism is characterised by the introduction of pressure gradients between neighbouring motor cells in the plant?s stem, enabling the stem to bend. By adapting this bio-inspired mechanism to mechanical systems, a new class of smart structures can be created. The developed overall structure is made up of a number of cellular colonies, each consisting of a central pressure source surrounded by multiple cells. After launch, the cellular arrays are deployed in space and are either preassembled or alternatively are attached together during their release or afterwards. A central pressure source is provided by a high-pressure storage unit with an integrated valve, which provides ingress gas flow to the system; the gas is then routed through the system via a sequence of valve operations and cellular actuations, allowing for any desired shape to be achieved within the constraints of the deployed array geometry. This smart structure consists of a three dimensional adaptable cellular array with fluid controlling Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) components enabling the structure to change its global shape. The proposed MEMS components include microvalves, pressure sensors, mechanical interconnect structures, and electrical routing. This paper will also give an overview of the system architecture and shows the feasibility and shape changing capabilities of the proposed design with multibody dynamic simulations. Example applications of this lightweight shape changing structure include concentrators, mirrors, and communications antennas that are able to dynamically change their focal point, as well as substructures for solar sails that are capable of steering through solar winds by altering the sails? subjected area.     

三轴陀螺稳定平台伺服回路全姿态解耦及变增益控制方法

在载体大机动飞行背景下，要求惯性平台具备全姿态的功能。国内现有的三轴陀螺稳定平台（简称三轴平台）不具备全姿态的功能，在内框架增加了限位挡钉以限制内框架角的工作范围，主要是基于内框架角不能工作在接近于?90?的认识。为了准确描述全姿态条件下三轴平台的运动规律，本文指出了传统动力学推导过程中的不足之处，重新建立了三轴平台的动力学模型，基于该模型给出了非奇异的全姿态伺服回路并提出了一种新的全姿态解耦方法，包括力矩解耦和转动惯量解耦。最后，针对转动惯量在框架转动过程中非定值的问题，提出了基于H∞控制理论的变增益控制策略。仿真结果表明，变增益控制器相对定常参数控制器可显著改善三轴平台伺服回路控制的性能。     

基于混合特征匹配的微惯性/激光雷达组合导航方法

微惯性/激光雷达(MEMS IMU/LADAR)组合导航系统在室内应用时,由于室内结构化环境下环境特征(如点和线段)分布稀疏,传统的单一特征匹配算法存在观测盲区,易造成导航定位参数估计误差大的问题。基于此,研究了激光雷达自适应数据分割方法的点和线段的特征提取算法,提出了基于混合特征匹配观测模型的MEMS IMU/LADR扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法。同时,设计了MEMS IMU/LADR组合导航试验样机,在室内环境下通过试验对滤波算法进行了验证。结果表明:提出的算法在室内结构化环境下相比传统单一点或线特征匹配组合定位算法的定位精度可提高60%,对于小型旋翼无人飞行器在室内结构化环境中的高精度定位具有较高的参考意义。